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- EDUCATION, Page 64The Search For Minorities
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- Despite increased wooing, few go on to college
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- At the top of just about every college president's "to do"
- list these days is a resolve to recruit more minorities.
- Although a growing percentage of black students are finishing
- high school, black attendance in college is dropping. In 1985
- only 26% of black high school graduates went on to college, down
- from 34% in 1976, a year when the figure was slightly above that
- of whites. While minority college enrollment expanded slightly
- between 1980 and 1986, the gain was mostly because of increased
- numbers of Asians and Hispanics, not blacks.
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- These bleak statistics persist despite several decades of
- intense effort to attract and retain minority students.
- According to a study released last month by the American Council
- on Education, 8 out of 10 colleges and universities report
- either "a lot" or "some" activity aimed at boosting minority
- undergraduate enrollment on their campuses. At the same time,
- 60% give themselves only "fair" or "poor" success ratings in
- attracting black students; two-thirds give equally low grades
- for Hispanic recruitment.
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- One reason for the desultory pace is that many public
- schools are failing to meet the needs of minority students well
- before they reach high school graduation, leaving them
- academically unprepared for college-level work. Also, some 38
- states have toughened admissions standards for public
- universities, raising the hurdle that minorities must surmount
- to get in.
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- In poor inner-city neighborhoods, family patterns and
- cultural barriers often make it difficult for minority students
- to view college as an option. Moreover, many potential
- applicants are frightened away by soaring college costs. Federal
- aid, which has shifted from grants to loans, has
- disproportionately affected minorities, many of whom are unable
- to make the financial commitment to borrow large sums for
- education.
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- Those minority students who do arrive on campus feel
- isolated. A resurgence of bigotry has caused many to drop out.
- Last summer, for example, arsonists at the University of
- Mississippi torched the school's first on-campus black
- fraternity house; last spring four black women at Smith College
- received racist notes. In the face of such hostility, the
- inducements to enroll -- scholarships, minority-student
- organizations -- seem pale. "Overt racial incidents can have a
- real psychological effect, even if they don't happen to you,"
- says John Jackson, 23, a black at the University of Texas at
- Austin.
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- Although colleges in general have a lackluster record of
- attracting and holding minorities, a number of programs are
- starting to chip away at the problem. In some areas,
- college-public school partnerships seek to get minority students
- thinking about higher education at an early age and to nurture
- that goal through high school. "Once kids have the fever for
- college, you can do a lot of good," says Nathan Potts, principal
- of West Side High School in Newark, which was "adopted" by
- Ramapo College of New Jersey in 1985.
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- Many programs court only the academically gifted, but there
- are exceptions. Last month Connecticut College launched a
- program aimed at tenth-graders who rank in the top 30% of their
- class but fall short of the top 10%.
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- "Nobody is telling us to target only the top 10% of white
- students," explains Claire Gaudiani, the school's president.
- Public school teachers select the students and accompany them
- to the campus for two weeks of classes and counseling. In order
- to maintain the students' interest in college, professors and
- minority alumni will correspond with them throughout high school
- and hold twice-yearly "reunions."
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- Since 1984, Arizona State University has run an innovative
- program to recruit Hispanic women. Several times a year,
- Hispanic mothers and their daughters, ranging in age from 13 to
- 18, come to campus to take classes together. Although the
- purpose is to make parents advocates of college for their girls,
- 30% of the 234 mothers have been sufficiently inspired to
- continue their own educations. "Hispanic family values encourage
- females to get married and stay home," says A.S.U. sophomore
- Sonia Torres, 18. "I probably would not have gone to a four-year
- college without the program."
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- Although such efforts hold out hope for improvement, much
- more needs to be done. By the year 2020, 35% of the American
- population will be minority, with blacks and Hispanics making
- up the largest portion. For society's sake as well as for their
- own survival, colleges cannot afford to have more than a third
- of the nation view them as inaccessible or inhospitable. Many
- of the current programs seem to be on the right track, but they
- will take time to produce results. "If higher education is
- interested in the harvesting of minority students," says Judy
- Jackson Pitts, a former assistant dean at Cornell, "we have to
- get in on the planting."
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